SystemicĪll below pharmacology can be reviewed here. Digestion and AbsorptionĮphedrine administration at 50mg is able to reduce gastric emptying rate in humans, and potentially reduce meal absorption speeds. Ephedrine was also stable during 6 freeze-thaw cycles (-20☌ to 22☌). Norephedrine and Norpseudoephedrine are also known as Phenylpropinolamine, or PPA.Įphedrine appears to be stable in the urine for up to 9 months at temperatures ranging from -20☌ to 37☌, and 15 hours at 60☌ which simulated a weekend left in a car trunk or glovebox in a hot environment. They are:Īdditionally, ephedrine and pseudorephedrine can lose a methyl group to become norephedrines, or be methylated to become N-methylephedrine. Due to this flexibility in its structure, it can exist in four states (or stereoisomers). ‘Ephedrine’, as a molecule, possesses two chiral centers. The one study to analyze various Ephedra species noted no ephedrine or pseudoephedrine in North American species. New world ephedra plants (those found in North and South America, about half of the species by number) do not contain substantial amounts of ephedrine alkaloids, although there are unconfirmed claims that there may be a pseudoephedrine content. Proanthocyanidin compounds, and the tannin compounds ellagitannins and gallotannins.Also contains the parent compound of kynurenate acid (4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid) at concentrations up to 1% dry mass in Ephedra fasciculata and funerea Kynurenate compounds (6-hydroxykynurenate, 6-methoxykynurenate, 7-methoxykynurenate) in the stem, none in the root.The related compound (2S,3S,4R)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine may also be psychoactive, and is found in the berries of Ephedra foemina (2S,3S,4S)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine, a cyclopropyl compound that is an agonist of some glutamate receptors (MGluR2, MGluR3) and found in high amounts in Ephedra antisyphilitica (0.5% by stem weight).

Not in the stems or leaves of Ephedra altissima or Viridus. Cyclopropyl analogues of amino acids (glutamate) including (2S,3R,4S)-3,4-methanoproline in the stems and leaves of many plants, and in the seeds in high amounts.Ephedrine precursor, cathinone (norpseudoephedrine) and derivative ephedroxane.Ephedrine alkaloids (main fat burning compounds, topic of article) mostly in Ephedra Sinica, distachya, equisetina, monosperma and gerardiana.Ma Huang (Ephedra Sinica), the one sold as a fat burner, contains: Many are adapted to semiarid and desert conditions, although some are found in humid or temperate climates in the Mediterrean and North America. Įphedra in general contains more than 50 species, and is found world-wide. This distinction is important as there is an entire genus called Ephedrea in the family Ephedraceae, and the ephedrine alkaloids touted as fat burners are only present in Sinica. Composition (Ephedra)Įphedrine is found in the Ephedra Sinica plant, also known as Ma Huang or Chinese Ephedrea. Safety and Toxicity within Recommended Dosage Rangeġ.Exericse Performance and Skeletal Muscle.

Longterm Human Interventions on Fat Loss.

Although implicated in being able to reduce weight outside of exercise and diet changes it should be taken with a change in diet and exercise in order to maximize effectiveness and minimize side-effects. It has been reported to be a hyperstimulant when taken in doses above what is recommended.Įphedrine is well studied and a fairly reliable compound, although it does not work under all situations. It can also prevent the breakdown of muscle tissue to a small degree.Įphedrine is highly synergistic with Caffeine, and for this reason is commonly found in something called an ECA stack (Ephedrine, Caffeine, and Aspirin).Įphedrine has few side effects outside of an increase in Blood Pressure that goes away with cessation and increases in some blood parameters (glucose, Insulin) that also go away with cessation of use. It has been implicated in increasing the Metabolic Rate by up to 5% in humans.Įphedrine also interacts with muscle cells, increasing heat expenditure in them as well as fat cells. It is able to induce fat loss via increasing the amount of fat available for fuel as well as by increasing heat expenditure. Summary (All Essential Benefits/Effects/Facts & Information)Įphedrine (ih-fed-rin) is one of the four active components of the herb Ephedra.

Eca stack dosages